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中國的潮汐泥灘對極度瀕危的勺嘴鷸的全球重要性
東亞－澳大利西亞遷飛網絡夥伴聯盟
遷徙水鳥保育通訊：
http://eaaflyway.net/partnership-news.php
上海（ 首爾、 東京、 莫斯科、 倫敦、 柏林丹佛） 2013 年 10 月 29 日
在15位來自國際勺嘴鷸工作組（Spoon-billed Sandpiper (SBS) Task Force）(1)的水鳥專家支援下，一次由保育網絡「勺嘴鷸在中國」（SBS in China）組織的中國沿海普查證實江蘇省沿海的潮間帶濕地具國際級特殊保育重要性。
普查在10月15至19日，於江蘇省東台至如東之間120 公里的沿海地區進行。普查中研究人員記錄到140隻勺嘴鷸、1200隻小青腳鷸，與及其他數種水鳥，其數目達至拉姆薩爾濕地公約 (2)所訂的「國際重要聚集數目」（internationally important concentrations）。
勺嘴鷸近年因數目持續急劇減少而被列入全球極度瀕危物種 (3)。這次普查記錄到的140隻是自2008年以來，全球記錄到的最大族群數目。除此之外，同樣屬全球瀕危的小青腳鷸在這次被記錄到的數目，亦是有紀錄以來最高的一次。這兩個鳥種的存活，在生態上均非常依賴一些最具自然生產力及最健康的潮間帶濕地生境，特別是在牠們遷徙旅程中，黃海地區尤為重要。
雖然整個江蘇省沿海都可以發現水鳥，但普查發現水鳥主要集中在三個重點地區，分別是鹽城市的東台(弶港)與如東縣的洋口、豐利及東陵。
江蘇省由於農業和工業的發展而不斷進行填海工程，令沿海大部分的重要潮間帶濕地受到嚴重威脅。幸而當地地方及省級當局現認識到這些濕地的國際重要性，故在普查後緊接舉辦的一個工作坊上宣佈建立一個新的濕地保護區，並連同兩個現存的貝類和漁業保護區，作為保育勺嘴鷸用途。由於這些地方亦同時覆蓋了大部份涉禽的覓食地，故期望這些地方最終能獲得省級及國家級的保護。
與勺嘴鷸工作組的董文曉及 Christoph Zöckler博士一起推行是次普查及工作坊的「勺嘴鷸在中國」保育小組負責人李靜指出：「我們的調查證實了如東的潮間帶濕地是勺嘴鷸整個8000 公里遷徒路線中最關鍵的中途補給站。保護這些國際重要潮間帶濕地不單對保育勺嘴鷸的存活極為重要，同時亦對維持貝類養殖業及其他需要潮汐泥灘的行業起了重要作用。我們迫切地需要在中國推行更多保育措施，以防止勺嘴鷸及其他依賴泥灘的物種面臨滅絕。」
「英國鳥類學信託基金會」的Nigel Clark 博士補充說：「我們相信全球的成年勺嘴鷸及小青腳鷸族群，均會以如東沿岸這些高生產力的潮間帶作中途補給站。」Nigel Clark 博士並強調這些濕地對這兩個鳥種的生存非常重要。
沿海普查後，江蘇省如東縣政府及勺嘴鷸工作組合辦了一個為期兩天的工作坊。地方和省級政府均承諾禁止沿海非法狩獵活動及規劃一個勺嘴鷸保護區，這令參加者均感到非常鼓舞。協助是次工作坊的當地及國家非政府組織，與及世界自然(香港)基金會和保爾森學院對此消息均表示非常關注，並很樂意與當地政府及「勺嘴鷸在中國」合作，提供相關援助以保育這些非常重要的潮間帶泥灘。
勺嘴鷸工作組的 Christoph Zöckler博士表示：「這是保育勺嘴鷸的歷史性時刻！」
「自2000 年開始，我們一直致力於勺嘴鷸的保育工作。這次在當地及省級政府的持續承諾，與及中國國家當局和非政府組職的領導下，我們首次能切實地實踐我們的工作目標－保育勺嘴鷸免於絕種。」
對於這項保育工作，南京師範大學的常青教授就環境問題向江蘇省林業局提出一些意見：「我們應成立一個由當地政府和非政府組織的工作小組，讓所有持份者參與濕地保護區將來的規劃和管理工作。」
身兼勺嘴鷸工作組主席的俄羅斯聯邦自然資源部Evgeny Syroechkovskiy博士總結：「我很高興在如東縣看到這麼多的勺嘴鷸。」他補充：「我們希望這些重要的濕地在未來也能受到保護。我會鼓勵我的部門將這兩種只在俄羅斯繁殖的雀鳥－勺嘴鷸和小青腳鷸，納入中國和俄羅斯最近簽署的保育候鳥雙邊協定內。」
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Source Text:
Global Importance of China’s tidal-flats for Critically Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper Recognised
Partnership for the East Asian-Australasian Flyway | migratory waterbird conservation:
Partnership News
http://eaaflyway.net/partnership-news.php
Shanghai, (Seoul, Tokyo, Moscow, London, Berlin, Denver) 29 October 2013
A survey of the Chinese coastline by the conservation network “SBS in China” supported by 15 waterbird experts from the international Spoon-billed Sandpiper (SBS) Task Force (1) confirms the outstanding international conservation importance of intertidal wetlands in Jiangsu Province.
The survey, conducted from October 15th-19th along 120km of coastline between Dongtai and Rudong, Jiangsu Province, found 140 Spoon-billed Sandpiper, 1200 Nordmann’s Greenshank and “internationally important concentrations” of several other waterbird species as defined by the intergovernmental Ramsar Convention on wetlands (2).
This is the largest number of the fast-declining Spoon-billed Sandpiper found anywhere in the world since 2008, when it was designated as a globally Critically Endangered species (3). It is also the largest ever count of the globally Endangered Nordmann’s Greenshank. Both species are ecologically dependent on the most naturally-productive and healthy intertidal wetlands, during migration especially in the Yellow Sea.
Although waterbirds were found along the whole Jiangsu coast, the largest concentrations were found in three key areas: Dongtai (Jianggang) in Yancheng County and Yangkou, Feng Li and Dongling in Rudong County.
Many of the most important intertidal wetlands along the Jiangsu coast are threatened by continuing reclamation for agricultural and industrial development. However, local and provincial authorities now recognise the international importance of the area and announced the creation of one new protected area for spoon-billed sandpiper, together with two more existing shellfish and fishery protected areas at a workshop that immediately followed the survey. These sites overlap with most of the wader feeding areas and it is hoped that they will eventually achieve protection at provincial and national level.
“Our surveys confirm the intertidal wetlands of Rudong as the most important remaining stopover site for the Spoon-billed Sandpiper during its entire 8000km long migration route. Protecting these internationally important intertidal wetlands is vital for the sandpiper’s survival, and also for the maintenance of the shellfishery and other vital services provided by tidal-flats. We urgently need more conservation action in China to prevent this and other tidal-flat species from going extinct.” stated Jing Li (Coordinator of SBS in China), who organised the surveys and workshop with Tong Menxiu and Dr Christoph Zöckler of the SBS Task Force.
“We believe the entire world population of the adults of both Spoon-billed Sandpiper and Nordmannn’s Greenshank are staging at the highly productive intertidal flats on the coast of Rudong” added Dr Nigel Clark from BTO in the UK, highlighting its importance for the survival of both species.
The survey was followed by a two-day workshop (4) co-hosted by the Rudong government, Jiangsu Province and the Spoon-billed Sandpiper Task Force. Workshop participants were encouraged by the commitment of local and provincial government to stop illegal hunting along the coast and to designate a protected area for the Spoon-billed Sandpiper. Local and national NGOs assisted in the workshop and WWF Hong Kong and the Paulson Institute in particular announced their interest and assistance in collaborating with the local government and SBS in China to conserve the crucial tidal flats.
‘This is a historic moment in the conservation of the species’ stated Dr Christoph Zöckler of the SBS Task Force. ‘For the first time since our efforts to conserve the species began in 2000, we can realistically hope that with the continuing commitment of the local and provincial government and leadership from national authorities and NGOs in China that we can indeed turn the tide – and save the species from extinction’
As part of this work, Prof. Chang Qing, of Nanjing Normal University, who advises the Forest Department of the Jiangsu Province on environmental issues stated: ‘We now hope to create a working group of local government and NGOs that involves all stakeholders in the future planning of wetland reserves and their management.’
‘I am very pleased to see so many Spoon-billed Sandpiper here in Rudong concluded Dr Evgeny Syroechkovskiy of the Russian Ministry for Natural Resources, SBS Task Force Chair. He added: ‘We hope that these vital sites can be protected for the future. I will encourage my ministry to include both Spoon-billed Sandpiper and Nordmann’s Greenshank, which breed exclusively in Russia, into the recently signed bilateral agreement on migratory bird conservation between China and Russia.’
聯絡 Contact:
Jing LiSBS in China
sbsinchina@gmail.com
Dr. Christoph ZöcklerSBS Task Force Coordinator
cz@arccona.com
Kim MinseonEAAFP Program
Officermin-seon.kim@eaaflyway.net
詮釋Notes to editors:
(1) The international Spoon-billed Sandpiper Task Force is set up under the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership to implement conservation measures to reverse the declines in the Critically Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper, a small sandpiper with a uniquely shaped bill that nests in the Russian Arctic, and migrates through Eastern Asia to winter in Southern and SE Asia
http://www.eaaflyway.net/spoon-billed-sandpiper.php
Experts in the survey team came from Russia, China, Republic of Korea, Japan, Myanmar, the UK and the US.
國際勺嘴鷸工作組是根據東亞─澳大拉西亞遷飛網絡而成立，致力於實施保育措施以扭轉極度瀕危的勺嘴鷸的數目下降。勺嘴鷸擁有一隻形狀獨特的喙，在俄羅斯極地地帶築巢繁殖，遷徙至亞洲南部和東南部過冬，途經亞洲東部。
http://www.eaaflyway.net/spoon-billed-sandpiper.php
調查研究團隊的專家來自俄羅斯、中國、南韓、日本、緬甸、 英國和美國。
(2) The intergovernmental Ra
msar Convention on Wetlands 國際政府間的拉姆薩爾濕地公約：
http://www.ramsar.org/
Ramsar criteria for identifying internationally important wetlands 拉姆薩爾公約判定國際重要濕地的準則：
http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-about-sites-criteria-for/main/ramsar/1-36-55%5E20740_4000_0__
List of existing Ramsar sites in China 中國現有的拉姆薩爾濕地名錄：
http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-about-sites-criteria-for/main/ramsar/1-36-55%5E20740_4000_0__
(3) Critically Endangered: a Species “Facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future” (IUCN (2013)
極度瀕危品種：一個品種的野生種群面臨即將絕滅的機會率非常高 (國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種,2013)
http://www.iucnredlist.org/static/categories_criteria_2_3
