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Subject: 2011黑臉琵鷺全球同步普查結果公佈 [Print This Page]

Author: HKBWS WY Time: 1/04/2011 01:33 Subject: 2011黑臉琵鷺全球同步普查結果公佈

2011黑臉琵鷺全球同步普查結果公佈

香港觀鳥會

31/3/2011

黑臉琵鷺是全球關注的瀕危鳥種，主要分佈於亞洲東部；過去十多年，黑臉琵鷺的數量均是持續上升，特別是2010年，數目達到歷史新高的2,346隻。然而，今年一月的全球普查卻只錄得1,848隻，下跌達21%，是自1993年有統計以來跌幅最大的一次，情況令人憂慮。

香港觀鳥會黑臉琵鷺全球普查統籌余日東指出：「今年黑臉琵鷺普查的數目錄得明顯跌幅，主要是因為台灣的黑臉琵鷺數目減少了34%，而台灣的黑臉琵鷺數量一向都佔最大的比重。過去幾年，黑臉琵鷺大部份都集中在幾個點，根據今年的調查結果，台灣其中兩個重點地區相加已經佔整體的46 % 、后海灣(香港及深圳)一點亦佔22%，這兩個地區加起來已經佔整體數目的68%，換句話說，任何一個點出現事故，都可能嚴重打擊琵鷺的數量，雖然現時仍未清楚今年黑臉琵鷺減少的原因。」

余日東繼續指出：「其實剛踏進今年冬天，台灣曾錄得大量黑臉琵鷺，但在進行普查期間已經不知所蹤，令台灣錄得的數目比去年減少了34%，中國內地的數目亦下跌了15%，后海灣（香港及深圳）的跌幅相對較少，但也比去年下跌11%。即使日本、越南、澳門及柬埔寨有輕微增加，但仍遠遠不足以填補損失的數量。根據過去一年的資料顯示，並未有發現黑臉琵鷺大量死亡的報導，我們估計是次下跌可能與今年冬天的嚴寒天氣有關，也可能因為去年黑臉琵鷺繁殖不太成功，但真正原因仍有待探究。」

柬埔寨是今年剛剛加入調查的地區，一隻在南韓裝置了人造衞星發佈器的黑臉琵鷺在調查前後仍然逗留在這區域，可能顯示今年的寒冬驅使了一些候鳥往南移動，雖然我們仍未在亞洲南部發現大量黑臉琵鷺的蹤跡。

黑臉琵鷺不但是港人熟悉的濕地明星，更是全球瀕危鳥種，為了保護這個珍貴物種，多個東亞地區的保育組織及政府，自九十年代便開始合作保護黑臉琵鷺的生境及開展不同的研究，1995年便制訂了首個保護黑臉琵鷺的行動綱領，2010年再次修訂這個行動綱領，重點工作包括建立更多保護區、進行更詳細的繁殖地調查及強化地區間的合作。

現時保育黑臉琵鷺最大的威脅仍然是棲息地的破壞及惡化，很多沿海地區都被各種發展計劃所包圍，例如南韓、澳門及海南等地；而部份地區仍然出現非法狩獵的情況，例如在剛過去的冬季，越南的工作人員僥倖地從獵人手中救回11隻黑臉琵鷺，而香港的后海灣一帶仍然被龐大的發展壓力所困擾，因此距離成功保育黑臉琵鷺仍有一段漫長的日子。

香港觀鳥會自2003年便開始統籌全球的黑臉琵鷺普查，令我們對黑臉琵鷺的了解不斷增加。本年度的黑臉琵鷺全球普查於2011年1月21至23日舉行，調查主要結果如下：

2011年的普查共記錄1,848隻，比2010年的2,347少了499隻，下跌21%；

最大的越冬群仍是在台灣，總數目為843隻，佔全部黑臉琵鷺的46%，台灣是錄得最大跌幅的地區，比2010年少了437隻;

香港和深圳錄得411隻，比去年的462隻減少了51隻，下跌11%；

中國大陸沿岸的數量下降了15%，從去年的234隻減少至今年的198隻；

日本、越南及澳門錄得輕微升幅，可是不足以填補台灣、后海灣及中國大陸的下跌數量。

本年度的普查地點包括南韓、日本、上海、福建、廣東、海南、台灣、香港和深圳、澳門及越南，柬埔寨則是最新加入的普查地區。

本會特此鳴謝所有參與普查的組織和義工，令是項普查在過去多年得以順利進行，亦令各地的黑臉琵鷺得到更好的保護。

附件1：2011年各地普查結果

地區 Place	2010 數量 (佔總數%)	2011 數量 (佔總數%)	趨勢 (比較2010年)
台灣 Taiwan	1,280 (54%)	843 (46%)	下跌 437隻 (34%)
香港和深圳 (后海灣) Hong Kong & Shenzhen (Deep Bay)	462 (20%)	411 (22%)	下跌51隻(11%)
中國大陸 Mainland China (上海、福建省、廣東省、海南省)(Shanghai,Fujian, Guangdong,Hainan)	234 (10%)	198 (10%)	下跌36 隻 (11%)
日本 Japan	258 (11%)	270 (15%)	上升12隻 (5%)
越南 Vietnam	46 (2%)	49 (2.7%)	上升 3 隻
澳門 Macao	39 (1.7%)	49 (2.7%)	上升 10 隻
南韓 South Korea	27 (1.1%)	26 (1.4%)	下跌 1 隻
泰國 Thailand	1 (0.04%)	1 (0.05%)	不變
柬埔寨 Cambodia	0	1 (0.05%)	上升
總數 Total	2,346	1,848	下跌 499隻(21%)

Author: HKBWS WY Time: 2/04/2011 12:15

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Author: HKBWS WY Time: 29/04/2011 13:05

International Black-faced Spoonbill Census 2011
Hong Kong Bird Watching Society

30 Mar 2011

Black-faced Spoonbill, a globally endangered species, occurs on the eastern fringe of Asia.  In the last decade, the number of Black-faced Spoonbills has been increasing.  The world population count reached a record high of 2,346 in 2010.  However, the international census conducted in January this year recorded only 1,848, a 21% decrease from last year.  It is the biggest slump since the census started in 1993.  The situation is worrying.

Mr. Yu Yat Tung, representing the Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, is the Coordinator of the International Census of Black-faced Spoonbill.  He pointed out that the slump was mainly due to the 34% decrease of the Taiwanese population.  Taiwan has always accounted for the largest share of the global wintering population.  Over the past few years, the spoonbills were mainly concentrated at a few sites.  According to this year’s findings, two key areas in Taiwan have accounted for 46% of the total number of Black-faced Spoonbill.  Deep Bay (Hong Kong and Shenzhen) accounted for 22 %.  These two regions have already shared 68% of the world’s population.  In other words, any threats or catastrophic events at any of the above sites will seriously affect the existence of spoonbills.

In fact, Taiwan had recorded a large number of Black-faced Spoonbills in early winter but they were found missing during the census, making the count drop by 34% versus last year.  Mainland China is also down by 15%.  A relatively smaller decline, 11% over 2010, is recorded in Deep Bay (Hong Kong and Shenzhen).  The numbers of spoonbill in Japan, Vietnam, Macau and Cambodia have increased slightly but are still far from sufficient to fill up the gap.  According to last year’s information, no large die-off was recorded and we suspect that the decline may due to a persistently freezing cold winter. It may also be due to unsuccessful breeding in the preceding summer. The real cause is yet to be discovered.

Cambodia has joined the census this year.  A Black-faced Spoonbill with a satellite-tracking device fitted in South Korea was found in that country before and after the census.  It may show that the migratory birds were forced to move further south by the cold winter.  Having said that, we were not able to track Black-faced Spoonbill in great numbers in southern Asia.

Black-faced Spoonbill is not only the wetland star in Hong Kong, it is the world's endangered bird species too.  In order to protect this rare species, a number of conservation organizations and their governments in East Asia have worked together to protect the habitats of Black-faced Spoonbill since the nineties.  In 1995, they developed a Program of Action, the first of its kind, to protect the spoonbills.  They further amended the Program of Action in 2010, focusing on setting up more protected areas and carrying out more detailed investigation on breeding grounds, as well as strengthening the cooperation amongst regions.

Habitat destruction and degradation are still the imminent threats to conservation of Black-faced Spoonbill. Many coastal areas are surrounded by a variety of development projects in South Korea, Macau and Hainan.  Illegal hunting still occurs in some of the sites.  For example, 11 Black-faced Spoonbills were rescued from the hands of hunters in Vietnam during the last winter.  Hong Kong's Deep Bay area is still plagued by huge development pressure.  There is still a long way to go for the conservation of this species.

The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society began coordinating the Black-faced Spoonbill International Census in 2003.  It has helped to improve our understanding of the needs of this Endangered species.  This year the international census was conducted from 21st to 23rd January 2011 and the results are as follows:

 spoonbills were recorded in 2011 census, a decrease of 499 in numbers or 21% versus 2010;
 The largest wintering group is still in Taiwan.  The total number is 843 or 46% of world’s population.  Taiwan recorded the largest decline of all areas, a drop by 437 in numbers versus 2010;
 411 spoonbills were recorded in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, which is 11 % down or 51 in number versus 2010.  Last year’s count was 462.
 Mainland Chinese coastal areas fell by 15%.  Only 198 were recorded in 2011, decreased by 36 from last year’s total of 234.
 A slight increase in Japan, Vietnam and Macau was not enough to fill the gap from Taiwan, Deep Bay and mainland China.

South Korea, Japan, Shanghai, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Macau and Vietnam joined this year’s census.  Cambodia is the latest addition to the census participants.

HKBWS would like to acknowledge all the organizations and volunteers involved in the census, without whom it would not have been completed successfully. We hope that continued international efforts can succeed in preserving the future of the Black-faced Spoonbill.

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