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Topic: Scaly-sided Merganser 中華秋沙鴨 (Heilongjiang 黑龍江) (Read 1907 times) |
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Uncle_Tall
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Re: Scaly-sided Merganser 中華秋沙鴨<Heilongjiang
« Reply #1 on: Apr 29th, 2004, 4:48pm » |
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小興安嶺帶岭觀鳥報告（30/5-2/6/2001, 22-27/4/2004）
蔡啟堯 鍾莠筠
二零零一年五月下旬，我們在香港觀鳥會會長林超英先生的轉介下，認識了中國東北林業大學的劉伯文教授，並在劉教授的安排和帶領下，第一次到中國東北觀鳥。我們租用了中國野生動物雜誌社的四驅車，由現任的社長徐建民先生開車，跑了兩次千多公里的路，走馬看花地遊歷了興凱湖保護區，三江保護區，洪河保護區，五月三十日才到了最後一站在小興安嶺帶岭地區的涼水國家級自然保護區。
這個時候是繁殖季節的高峰期，所有的夏候鳥已經到了，包括了最後來到的三寶鳥 。五月三十一日大清早起來，已經聽到了大，中，小，四聲杜鵑的叫聲。不同的鶯 和鴝也在發出他們美妙的歌聲。 在護理員的協助下，我們很快就在永翠河裏找到了一隻雌性的中華秋沙鴨。秋沙鴨 很機警，我們拍不到兩張照片它就飛走了。在河邊等候時，一隻黃喉鵐在我們的旁 邊捕到了一條蠶蟲， 灰頭鵐也在我們前後飛來飛去。突然，一隻黑啄木鳥不動聲色地在河對岸的枯樹上 覓食。最後河裏只有鴛鴦和綠頭鴨出現，我們再看不到中華秋沙鴨的踪影。
黃昏， 我們回到保護區的寓所，在中心的人工魚塘裏有白喉針尾雨燕在水面上飛馳。附近 的松樹正是它們的營巢地方。
六月一日早上，我們在林裏漫步。看到了班胸鶲，白眉姬鶲，黃腰柳鶯，聽到了蒼 眉蝗鶯。下午我們在附近的田邊草叢裏見到了很多黑眉葦鶯和東方大葦鶯。樹頂上 有藍頭磯鶇的雄鳥在鳴唱。但是草堆裏頭的班脅田雞和茅斑葦鶯始終不肯出來亮相 。
我們雖然帶著興奮的心情回家，但是心裏還是很想再見到中華秋沙鴨。中華秋沙鴨 是中國一級保護的鳥類，在國內的已知繁殖地只剩黑龍江的帶岭，吉林的長白山， 和俄羅斯的遠東烏蘇里地。越冬主要在長江流域，也有在朝鮮，日本，甚至泰國。 無論繁殖地和越冬地，它的生態環境都受到不少人為破壞，包括樹木的砍伐，河流 捕魚等，都威脅着中華秋沙鴨的營巢和覓食。
二零零四年四月二十日，我們乘飛機和火車，重臨黑龍江的帶岭，下榻在凉水保護 區內，為的是希望可以再一睹中華秋沙鴨的風采，甚至能為他們拍下求偶的照片和 錄像。二十二日我們到了帶岭，可能是閏二月的原故，今年的春天來的比較遲，早 上起來，氣溫只有零下三四度，河兩岸的雪還沒有融化，樹也未發芽。 但是柳樹先開了花，地上也冒出美麗的早春花。黃腰柳鶯，黃喉鵐，灰頭鵐和北紅 尾鴝已經到了。在保護區裏有一群五百多隻的燕雀過境遷徙，長尾林鴞一直都沒有 離開，路旁也有花尾榛雞的痕跡。我們在河邊活動時，經常都聽到啄木鳥連串的啄 木聲，也有黑啄木鳥的叫聲。但是沒有中華秋沙鴨的蹤影。
二十三日，我們到了永翠河中游的碧水保護區。這個省級保護區的主要工作是保護 中華秋沙鴨的繁殖和生境，沿永翠河的兩岸五十到一百米的地方設了共四十多公里 長的保護區，面積共一千四百多公頃，與凉水保護區相聯接。我們在這個保護區內 找了一整天，只看到三只好像是中華秋沙鴨的鳥快速地在河面上空飛過，卻無法肯 定地把它們辨認出來，心裡開始有點焦急。
二十四日早上約九時，我們從永翠河上游的位置轉移到稍為下游的部分，終於發現 在河面上有七只中華秋沙鴨在輕鬆地潛水覓食和休息，同時有綠頭鴨和鴛鴦在附近 活動。看見了他們，我們有種如釋重負的感覺。這一天陽光普照，下游氣溫也比較 暖和，中華秋沙鴨閑適地在河面的石頭上理羽和小睡。它們也沒有我們想象中的怕 人，在樹叢的遮掩下，給了我們很多机会拍照和錄像，並且讓我們聽到它們那輕得 不能再輕的叫聲，那聲音就好像是人胃氣上湧嘔氣時發出的聲音（沙啞的er…）， 只是要低沈和輕得多。其中有一只雄性的亞成體和兩只雌性經常形影不離地走在一 起，不知道會否是一夫兩妻的現象。
二十五日上午，我們參加了當地基督教會的崇拜以後，再到了同一個地方看望中華 秋沙鴨，它們還待在那裡，而且數目比前一天多了三只！大家都感覺到特別興奮。
二十六日，我們回到哈爾濱。二十七日，徐先生開車把我們送到帽兒山探望常家傳 教授（他跟劉教授都是東北鳥類圖鑑一書的作者），並參觀了這兒的環誌站，他們 剛好給紅喉歌鴝和黃眉鵐作了環誌。常教授今年雖然已經七十歲，但是仍然步履如 飛，他經常收到香港觀鳥會的通信，還問我們誰是壞蛋一號呢！
後記
中華秋沙鴨在國內的繁殖，其實相當令人擔心。劉伯文教授對我們說，適合秋沙鴨 繁殖的大青楊樹 (Populus ussuriensis) 已經不多，合適的樹洞就更少。他估計在帶岭地區，只有五對左右繁殖，長白山的 情況也是差不多。我們第一次去的時候，有人在河裡設網捕魚。山裡的人比較貧窮 ，靠山吃山，這原是中國的社會問題。但在碧水保護區的職員家裏，竟然收藏了一 只雄性中華秋沙鴨的標本！今年保護區換了新的班子，好像比較積極。但是他們對 於中華秋沙鴨的認識貧乏，尚待努力。而且，非法捕獵還沒完全停止。最近，凉水 保護區外就有一只猞猁(Lynx)跟兩隻小猞猁給獵人打死了。中華秋沙鴨的保育，可 謂艱難重重。
(English version - to be followed)
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| « Last Edit: May 2nd, 2004, 1:03am by Uncle_Tall » |
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Uncle_Tall
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3Re: Scaly-sided Merganser 中華秋沙鴨<Heilongjiang
« Reply #2 on: Apr 30th, 2004, 9:34pm » |
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English Summary:
Birding Report of 2 trips to Dailing, Lesser Hingan Range, Heilongjiang, China
Two trips were made to Dailing in 30/5-2/6/2001 and 22-27/4/2004 under the auspice of Mr Liu Bowen (Ornithologist of the Northeastern Forestry University, Heilongjiang and co-author of A Field Guide To The Birds Of Northeast China (Chinese)). In the first trip, only one female adult Scaly-sided Merganser was seen. Other interesting species includes Black woodpecker, Band-bellied crake (plenty was heard), White-throated rock thrush, White-throated needletails (seen flying over water) and Mandarin ducks (male only?). We were sad to see specimen of a male Scaly-sided Merganser at the home of a reserve warden. Fish-net was observed traversing across the river. Mr Liu told us that duck had been caught inside these nets, presumably it was Scaly-sided as this is the only commonly seen diving duck in the region.
In the second trip, we saw flock of 500+ bramblings, Ural owl and Yellow-throated buntings and up to 10 Scaly-sided Mergansers (3 adult males, 5 adult females and 2 immature male adults). All mergansers were seen in the middle part of the Yong Cui River where Bi Shui Reserve is. They were all at leisure floating on the stream or sunbathing on the rocks. Pairing up was observed and 2 female adults often stayed close with one immature male. Mating was not observed. They were mostly silent. Very weak calls were occasionally heard. They sound like regurgitation of stomach gas (but much softer). Only around 5 old Populus tree with suitable tree holes are available for nesting in the reserve. Man-made nests were made but never been used. According to Mr Liu in his recent trip in 2003, the number of breeding pairs in Chang Bai Mountain is about the same in Dailing, but they are more scattered. One last sad story is that a Lynx and her 2 cubs were killed recently by hunter near the reserve. We feel that there remain a lot to do for the conservation of this endangered species in China.
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After reading the Red data of Scaly-sided Merganser in the Website of Birdlife International, we would like to clarify a few points about the local geographical names in English which appear a bit confusing:
1. Liang Shui is a National Nature Reserve of 13000 Hectares protecting primary mixed deciduous and evergreen forest in the Lesser Hingan Range. There is one small stream, Liang Shui River, running in the centre of the reserve. It drains into Yong Cui River in the south border of the reserve. Liang Shui River is too small for the ducks to feed and breed. However the part of Yong Cui River in its south border of the reserve provides most of the old Populus trees for the ducks to breed.
2. In 1997, Bi Shui Reserve was established under the advice of Mr Liu Bowen through his breeding study of the Scaly-sided Merganser in the region. It protects 50-100 meter wide of river banks along a 40+km stretch of Yong Cui River. It was a Provincial Nature Reserve. Bi Shui is the name of a timber field at the middle stretch of the Yong Cui River. Yong Cui River later drains into Nan Cha River after it passes the city of Dailing, and eventually drains into Rivers of Xonghuajiang and Heilongjiang.
Alex and Catherine Choi
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| « Last Edit: May 2nd, 2004, 1:10am by Uncle_Tall » |
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Mike Kilburn
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Re: Scaly-sided Merganser ??華秋沙鴨<Heilongjiang
« Reply #3 on: May 20th, 2004, 11:24am » |
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Dear Uncle Tall
I can't see your pic of the Merganser, please repost.
Many thanks
Mike
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Mike Kilburn
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Chairman - ConservationCommittee
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Uncle_Tall
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I love bird watching!
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Posts: 163
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Re: Scaly-sided Merganser 中華秋沙鴨 Heilongjiang
« Reply #4 on: Jul 24th, 2004, 8:47pm » |
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Finally got a website to repost the photo 
Hope those at the meeting on 21/7/04 enjoyed the DVD. We'll modify it a bit and send to the reserve as education and promotion purpose.
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| « Last Edit: Jul 24th, 2004, 8:50pm by Uncle_Tall » |
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